Gas cleaner



Dec. 19, 1933. F. H. WAGNER 1,940,197

GAS CLEANER ltfornegs.

lll 5111 Dec. 19, 1933. F. H, WAGNER 1,940,197

GAS CLEANER Filed July l, 1951 4 Sheets-$heet 2 Gttornegs.

Dec. 19, 1933. F H, WAGNER 1,940,197

GAS CLEANER Filed July l, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Gttorncgs.

F. H. WAGNER Dec. 19, 1933.

GAS CLEANER Filed July l, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Dec. 19, 1933 UNTED STATES PATEN` @Fiyi-QE GAS CLEANER Frederick H. Wagner, Baltimore, Md.

Application July l., 1931. Serial No. 548,209

21 Claims. (Cl. 18S-31) rThis invention relates to dust cleaners, and cannot be removed by the use of centrifugal particularly to cleaners of the combination wetmeans. and-dry type. One object of my invention is, therefore, to In a copending application, Ser. No. 548,208, produce a unitary gas treating apparatus in filed of even date herewith, there is disclosed a which the dust removed by centrifugal means, 60 dry gas Acleaner wherein the dust-laden gas is and the fumes are removed by saturation means, introduced in large volume under pressure and thereby avoiding the use of a separate washer.

then separated into a plurality or" small further object of the invention is to produce Each or these streams passes through a gas cleaner in which the dust and fumes ar 1) a spiral centrifugal dust separator by means of removed while the heat in the incoming gas is 65 which the dust particles are thrown outwardly utilized in operating the cleaner. and tall into a collecting chamber, while the Another object of the invention is to produce clean gas passes through an outlet tube to its a cleaner in which the cleanV gas is permaplace oi use or storage. nently separated from the dust, so that there if; Whiie eXtra-eters of the type just referred to is no possibility of the clean and dust-laden 70 are very eiiicient in removing dnst'particles from gases'intermingling after the separation is once gases, they are ineiective to remove fumes or begun.

metallic vapors therefrom. It has been found, Further objects will appear from the following however, that if the gas containing metallic vadescription, when read in connection with the 9,0 pors is passed through a chamber in which it is accompanying drawings, in which-- 75 thoroughly saturated with a liquid such as wa- Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of one form ter, the temperature of the gas will be lowered oi gas cleaner embodying this invention; and the fumes or metallic vapors caused to con- Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line II-II of dense. After such condensation, the metallic 1;

25 particles may be collected in a water bath sup- Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection on line III-III 80 plied from the sprays in the saturation chamber. of Fig. l; The clean gas, from which the fumes have been Fig. 4 is a iragrnental detail of one of the removed, may then be directed outwardly dust extractor tubes shown in Fig. 1; through suitable condensing tubes, so as to free Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the cleaner shown 30 substantially from water vapor before it is in l, parte being broken away to show the S5 eliowed to escape from the cleaner. interior chambers and tubes at the two ends of A combination cleaner of the type described, the cleaner; is par icularly eii'ective in cleaning blast fur- Fig. 6 is a section on line VI-VI or" Fig. 5;

nace gases and is capable of operating with high Fig. 7 is an axial sectional View of a modieniciency because the parts may so arrange cation in which the gas tubes are provided with 90 that heat exchange principles are utilized to heat exchange jackets; avoid losses which are present in most cleaners Fig. 8 is a fragmental sectional view on line of the -prior art. For example, the gas outlet VIII- VIII of Fig. 7; A.tubes may be so arranged that the heat from the Fig. 9 is a detailed View, partly in section, of o out@ ing is'ccnducted to the incoming water, the jacket arrangement shown in Fig. 7; 95 raising its temperature, and this water subse- Fig. 1G is a fragmental axial sectional view qnently serves as a spray in the saturation of one o the spray tubes shown in Fig.` 7; and chf-"ther, when water at an elevated tempera- Fig. 11 is a horizontal section through one of ture is desired. In this way, the temperature or" the spray tubes', line of this section being 45 the outgoing clean gas is lowered and, at the designated Xl-XI in Fig. 10. 100

same time, the heat removed from it is utilized Referring to the drawings, the reference to warm UD h@ SatulaOl Spray 't0 a tempelacharacter 12 designates an upright shell or casing tu; iitable for treating the hot gas after the having an enlarged top 13, and an inverted dust has been removed from it. cone-shaped bottom 14. Centrally disposed in- 5o n cleaner embodying the pIlCpleS just set side of this casing is a tubular member 15 vcon- 105 forth ofi rill oi the advantages set forth in the necting the top and bottom portions of casing .ieation above referred to, and in 12. The member 15v cal-ies a depending flared i hes it possible to reduce the temperperforated apron 16 terminating at its lower end ature of the while it is being cleaned, and in an annular flange 17. Member 15 is supported 55 at the same time to free it from fumes which in the casing by a plate 18 which is attached to and cooperates with the top 13 of the casing, to form two chambers separated by a conical partition 19 secured to the Wall of top 13 at 2l. The space between plate 13 and partition 19 is in communication with the interior of tubular member 15 and forms, with the inter or of this member, a saturation chamber designated 22. Above the plate 19 and inside of the cover 23 of top 13, is another chamber 24 which will be designated the outlet chamber, and which communicates with a gas outlet opening 25,

Under some conditions, it may desirable to flush the chamber 24, and for this purpose a ball and socket ushing nozzle may be secured to the Wall of top 13. Water or other liquid may be supplied to the nozzle through a hose or pipe 40a. The flushine liquid may be drained Way through a discharge pi e 50,

which pipe is arranged at the lowest point in chamber 24 and is provided with a con valve a.

It will be apparent from an inspection of Fig. 1, that the inverted ccne-shaped 'bott ni 1d of casing l2 contains a liquid 26, and that the ange i7 of member 15 dips into this A so as to form a gas chamber 20 communicating with the interior of member l5. 1t will be clear that the wail oi casing 12 downwardly to form an annular ce' is coextensive with and spaced om the flange 17. As a consequence of this arrangement, a substantially annular chamber 28, tions as a dustmcoiiecting chamber, is between the outer wall oi casing 12 and the tubular member 15, the lower portion oi this chamber being constricted at the point Where ilanges 17 and 27 dip into the liquid. This arn rangement is important because it prevents intermingling of the clean gas inside of the gas chamber 20 with the dust particles in chamber 28.

Secured around the tubular .einher 15, plate 29 which extends between the insio casing Wall i2 and the outside oi member plate being perforated and provided ng which 'with a flange 3l which contacts with t're member.

plate cooperates with member 15 and Wall 12 to form an annular gas inlet chamber i which dust-laden gas may be supplied under pressure through a horizontal inlet 33. As here shown, the inlet 33 is provided with a manhole Se through which access may be had to the inAv terior oi" the apparatus. The plate 9 contains a plurality of spaced openings for the reception of centrifugal dust extractor tubes 35, and these tubes serve to conve; gas trom the .niet cham ber 32 to the gas chamber 20, and to divide the incoming gas into a plurality of small s each of which is subjected to centrif so as to separate the dust particles them outwardly into dust cha nber dut extractor tubes are similar to scribed in the copending application refeabove, and a brief description of one of thenwiil be suiiicient for an understanding of the soecial construction and, although it has the extended Bange 37 at the top, it is imperforate throughout and extends through openings 39 in the apron is provided with an eirtendcd iar which is angularly related to the tube is and rits against and secure to the apron 15 by suitable means, such as rivets rThe bottom section sum oi the sections above it carries within spiral member M. Each section of tf s baffle member a central core piece 45 and helical baiiie which integral with it. The separate members 44 are mounted on a rod 46, the top end of Wi ch rod t side oi a yoke 47 secured to the 90 plate 13. The rod, together with "fd reby, is secured in posi ion onto the rod 45 above the top section ci each tube 36 is to form an extended annular 95 supporting and guiding the tube "hrouh which it Lng chamber formed by the and tubular member 15, is several sections, one :for ach of the 10o e or tubes by radial earthen 'plates fcii extend oni the plat 2Q to a ovv the openings in the iower' each extractor tubo. xhe exact 'i eee ates '-.vil be evi- 105 dent from `#pe-:tion of l and 3, and their is `to prevent the turbulence caused no assing through these tubes carrying dust e:

h t re openings Se into an chambers divide which are cf Luigi/Ud, eiow the ends oi Tae lower end terminates charge pipe co by a valve 14 of the casing 12 having a liquid disted to it and controlled otom 51 Valve Us may be manipulated to 12o remove i` uid 2G from the The tube 5l is d Wit Siphon 54 which inclines nd "f itc a ciosed casing 55.

. into two chambers i to the leit oi 26 to accum u valve 61.

o remov le unction of removing st particles from is not ca Accordingly, there is provided suitable means for saturating the gas with moisture, and then to supersaturate it so as to lower its temperature and condense the fumes, and cause them to fall in solid form into the liquid 26.

The tubular member 15 which connects the gas chamber 20 with the saturation chamber 22 is provided with a plurality of spray head-s 63, to which liquid or steam is supplied through pipes 64, each controlled by a valve 65. The pipes 64 are secured to and supplied with liquid from a main supply pipe 66 having a control valve 67. The pipes 64 are led into the tubular member 15 through tubes 68, which tubes are in gas-tight relation with Vopenings 69 in the wall of member 15, and similar openings 71 in the casing wall l2. The tubes 68 are closed at their outer ends by covers 72, through which the pipes 64 pass.

Spray heads 63 are arranged to throw a ne atomized spray in an upward direction in the tubular member 15, this being the same direction in which the clean gas from extractor tubes 35 passes from gas chamber 20. During the passage of the gas through this chamber, it becomes saturated with liquid and the parts are so arranged and adjusted that the entire volume of gas contains moisture more or less uniformly distributed through it. If the liquid supplied to this chamber is at a lower temperature than the coin ing from chamber 20, the temperature of the will be lowered, hence any desired effect may be obtained by suitably controlling the temperate e of the liquid supplied to pipe 66. For example, the temperature of the liquid supplied to spray 63 may be so regulated that condensation may ce produced inside of tubular member 15 so as to carry dust particles clown into the liquid Under such conditions, the gas from member 15 may pass directly to any desired place of use. It is preferred, however, to prevent condensation in the saturation chamber, and to allow the liquid pressure to aid in forcing the gas toward the outlet.

It has been assumed so far that the liquid from sprays 63 is at a temperature not greatly below that of the gas coming trom chamber 2). Consequently, this gas still contains very nnely divided dust particles which have not been removed by the extractor tubes 35, and also fumes in the form of metallic vapors. In order to reduce the temperature of this gas sufficiently to cause condensation of the moisture on the dust particles as nuclei, and also to reduce the tcmperature of the gas sufficient to condense the fumes contained thercin,vit is necessary to provide additional temperature reducing means and condensing means.

Outside of casing 12 and connecting the top and bottom of the casing, are a plurality of alternately disposed tubes 74 and condensing tubes 75. The spray tubes 74 connect the saturation chamber 22 with the chamber inside of bottom 14 of the casing and pass through perforations in the plates 18 and 76.

Disposed at spaced intervals in the tubes 74 are downwardly directed spray heads 77, which water or other liquid may be supplied through pipes 78 connected to a common suppJy pipe 79. The supply of liquid to each individual spray headmay be controlled by a valve S1.

One wall of each of these tube.; contains aiseries of spaced cover plates 72, of the same construction as those previously described in connection with the liquid supply pipes passing from casing 12 to tubular member 15. The pipes 74 receive the clean saturated gas from chamber 22 and direct it downwardly. The downward movement of the gas is accelerated by the pistonelike action of the spray from spray heads 77, and in its passage downwardly the gas becomes further saturated with moisture, its temperature is iurther reduced, and dust particles collect moisture tending to cause these particles to be carried into theV liquid 26 at the bottom or" the tubes. if the temperature of the liquid spray is low enough, condensation of the fumes in the gas will take place, thereby causing the vapors to condense and fall into the liquid along with the liquid globules formed about the dust particles.

The condensing tubes 75 pass through partition 19 and plates 18 and 76, and connect the outlet chamber 24 with the space below adjacent spray tubes 74. Tubes 75 contain heads 77 arranged in similar' manner to those in 74, and they are supplied with cold water from the same source.

Ihe tubes 74 and are arranged in alternating relation and in as will be evident from an inspection of Fig. 3 of the drawings. These pairs of tubes have their lower ends connected above the liquid 26 in bottom i4 by chambe s 66 between seal plates 32, extending from the outer wall of casing bottom 14 to the flange 27 of annular wall 12, and these plates dip into the liquid 26. Consequently, gas passing dor' of the tubes 74 can only pass through ber 85, over the liquid 26 and into the tube 75, thence upwardly under pressure from the constantly incoming gas, and likewise be cause of the action of the spray heads 77. Tl pairs of tubes 74 and 75 iorm tortuousrpass s connecting saturation chamber with outlet chamber 24, and it is in the tubes 75 that the major portion of the condensation the fume and water globules containing dust particles takes place. This condensed material a? s into the liquid 26 in the chambers 86, and iniwith the other dust particles collected in this liquid from the dust-collecting chamber 28 and the gas chamber 20.

It will be observed rom Figs. 2 and common liquid spray pipe 33, controlled. valve 84, carries liquid to all of Yp 79 a through an annular tube S5 extending entirely around the cleaner. The pipes 79, together with their branch pipes 7S, are `connected to the tube at spaced intervals, corresponding Y- location of the tubes"`!4 and 75. By the interposition of valves as shown, it is possible to con-- trol the amount of lio d supplied to these tubes in any desired manne. For example, all of these heads may be 1 -ied with liv I taneously, or one or more of them out entirely, or the flow ci liquid lated. If it is desred' to supply cold pate;

ccth to the saturation chamber and to the of tubes 74 and 75, the inlet pipe 66 may be nected to the same .source as that which plies liquid to pipeSS, or pipe 66 be nected'to the annular pipe 85.

'I'he operation of the cleaner as a whole is as follows: It will be assumed that the cleaner is to be used in extracting dust and fume from smelt ing furnace gas, and that this gas under pressure is supplied to the inlet tube 83. The entire volume will pass around through the chamber 32 and will divide into a plurality of small streams, each of which will pass down through one of the conw sup-

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extractor tubes 35, where it will be subjected to rapid whirling action, thereby removing a large percentage of the dust particles by centrifugal action, and expelling them through openings 38 into the dust-collecting chamber 28 where they fall into the liquid 26 to be carried away. The gas containing a small percentage of very iine dust particles will 'then enter the clean gas chamber 20 above the liquid 26, and pass upwardly through the tube 15 where it will comingle vith the liquid spray from spray heads 63 and become saturated with moisture by the time it reaches the saturation chamber 22.

From the chamber 22 the whole Volume of gas is again subdivided into a series of independent streams which divide and pass down through spray tubes 74, wherein each gas stream is iurther lowered in temperature. The small dust partie es collect moisture to form globules, some of which may be carried into the liquid 26, while others will be carried up through tubes 75. The lowering oi the temperature of the in these tubes will cause the fumes or metallic vapor to be condensed, so that the condensed particles will iall by gravity into the liquid 26 where they are carried away. The clean gas, containing moisture but substantially free from dust and fumes, will escape into the outlet chamber 24, whence it is directed from outlet opening 25 to any suitable place of use.

The liquid in chamber 26 is constantly replaced by liquid escaping from sprays and '77, and passes away together wit the dissolved dirt and metallic par icles in the form of slurry through a siphon tube 54 into chamber 57, and thence through drain pipe 59 or to a de-watering device connected with pipe 58. The Siphon tube is so arranged that the depth of liquid 26 remains constant in spite oi the continuous inflow of liquid from the sprays above, and the drain valve 61 may be so ar aged that the slurry escaping from chamber 57 will cause the level oi liquid 26 to be maintained constant.

It will be evident that steam may be injected into the chamber 15 through spray heads 63, if desired. Likewise, either hot or cold water may be supplied to the sprays as well as to the sprays 77, and the temperature so adjusted that the gas delivered to the outlet chamber 24 is in any desired condition. The factors will vary, of course, in accordance with the condition of the gas which enters the inlet 33, as to temperatur pressure, dust content and fume content.

The apparatus which has just been described is particularly effective relieving dust and iun e from gases, but under some conditions it may be desirable to lower the temperature of the clean gas by a substantial amount, and this could not be accomplished by the apparatus just described, without the use or refrigerated liquid in the spr ys. 1i the liquid supplied to chamber 15 from sprays 63 is to be warmed, the heat removed irom the outgoing gas can be used for warming it, and when this is desired the apparatus is arranged in accordance with the showing ci Figs. 7 to 11.

Referring now to Fig. 7, the apparatus there shown is the same as that which has just been described, with the exception that the arrangement of the liquid supply is changed, and the spray and condenser tubes are provided with heat exchange jackets in which incoming liquid is placed in heat exchangino relation with the outgoing gas from the cleaner, and this liquid is in turn supplied to spray heads 63 inside of member 15.

Each condenser tube is surrounded by a wall or jacket 87, placed in spaced relation to the tube and forming outside of it an elongated annular chamber 88.' The ends oi this chamber are in liquid-tight relation with the plates 18 and 76. Each of the spray tubes 74 is likewise provided with a jacket 89 in spaced relation to the tube and forming therewith an annular chamber 91. inasmuch as all oi the jackets are arranged similarly for each pair of spray and condenser tubes, a description oi one will be suiiicient for all.

The two chambers 88 and 91 are connected at the bottom by a tube 92 which is in liquid-tight relation with the two jackets. Cold water may be supplied from a pipe 93 to the jacket 88, the connection being made near the top of the jacket as shown in Fie. 9, and the supply oi water being controlled by a suitable valve 911. The cold water will pass downwardly inside oi jacket 88, at the same time circulating around it and then through tube 92 into the bottom oi jacket 91. During its passage through these two jackets, the water becomes warmed by the heat exchange between the hot gases passing through the tubes 74 and 75, and the water in chambers 88 and 91, so that the temperature oi' the water is elevated. rEhe water in the chamber 91 passes upwardly both because oi its pressure and because o its temperature.

From the tcp or chamber 91 the hot watlr escapes through an out-now pipe 95 controlled by a valve 96 and connected to a common annular pipe 97, which extends around the cleaner and connects to supply pipe 66 through which this water supplied to sprays 63, under control of valves 65. An auxiliary supply pipe 98 is shown, through which hot water be supplied directly to pipe 66 from an outside source. Cold water is supplied to the various inlet pipes 93 from a common supply pipe 99, and this supply is controlled by valves 94.

n this form of apparatus, the condenser tubes 75 are provided with cold water sprays, as shown in Fig. 8, while the s tubes 74 are supplied with hot water through pipes 112 containing valves 113. The cold water spray pipe 99 has branch supply pipes 102 controlled by valves 103, 'through which cold water is supplied to the spray heads inside of the tubes 75.

t has been found that the saturation of the gas and its condensation is materially improved ir" the gas is divided. into a large number of streams of small cross section, and for this reason both the' tubes M and 75 are tted with diffusing members 104.

The vmembers 104i, as best shown in Figs. 7, 10 and 11, each comprise a plurality oi inner rings 105 and outer rings 107, disposed in spaced relation and connected together by .radial ribs 185 extending from the top to the bottom of each tube and rigidly secured to the rings 105 and 107. The arrangement of these is such that the ribs 156 form elongated sectorshaped chambers 108, extending substantially from the top to the bottom of each tube, but connected together at their inner ends adjacent the annular space defined by inner rings 105.

Each of these cage-like members is secured in place within its respective tube by three supporting brackets 109, which extend over and hook around the top of the tube in which it is supported. As here shown, the ribs 106 are interrupted at the points 111 where liquid supply pipes 78 pass through the tube walls and the associated jackets 89, this interruption being such as to facilitate assembly of the spray diffuser inside of its tube, and to permit it to be rotated through about 120 if desired. The members 104 are centered within their respective tubes by centering blocks 101 secured to outer rings 107 at spaced intervals.

Having described the structural parts of the jacketing apparatus, its operation will now be described briefly. Hot gas saturated with mois ture passes from the saturation chamber 22 into the spray tubes 74 where it travels downwardly, both because of its pressure and because of the piston-like action of the sprays '77. The diffusing cages operate to separate this gas into several small streams in which intermingling of the liquid and the gas is enhanced to a high degree. This separation causes condensation oi the fumes in the gas, as well as formation of liquid globules around the tiny dust particles still present in the gas. From the spray tubes 74 the moisture-laden gas passes through chambers 86 and thence upwardly through tubes ".15 wherein the gas is further Washed, its temperature further lowered, and condensation further carried on. From the tubes '75 the clean washed gas, substantially free from dust particles, passes into the outlet chamber 24 for delivery to its place of use.

When the gas enters the tube 74, it is at a very high temperature and gives off a considerable portion of its heat through the walls of the spray tubes 74 into the cold Water in the chambers 88. Heat exchange takes place while the gas Vis passing through the tubes 74, and also while it is passing through the tubes 75. In the latter tubes, a substantial portion of the heat remaining in the gas is transferred to the water in chambers 91, so that the water flowing from these chambers is at a temperature substantially higher than that at which it enters the chambers 88. The hot water from chambers 91 passes through pipe 97 and then to the pipe 66 and to the saturating sprays 63, at a temperature substantially higher than that at which it is introduced into chambers 88, and approximating the temperature of the gas supplied to the member l5 from the dust extractor tubes.

By arranging the parts in this manner, the heat in the hot gases is utilized to Warm up the water supplied to the saturation chamber, hence this heat need not be supplied from an external source. By subdividing the spray in the spray and condensing tubes into small streams, the spray acts upon very small volumes of gas so as to facilitate condensation of the water particles, and of the fume.

Gas cleaners embodying the principles just described show very marked efficiency over Washers of the prior art, particularly those of the Ballo type, in which external liquid hearing means must be used and the liquid from such means must be pumped into the cleaner. Cleaners embodying this invention not only avoid the losses of power and of heat which take place in auxiliary pumping and heating apparatus, but they provide a unitary self-contained structure which can take dust-laden gase at high temperatures, wash them thoroughly, removing both the dust particles and the fume, and 4lowering their temperature so that at Vthe delivery outlet the gas is clean, cool and almost entirely free of dust particles of all sizes.

It is also to be understood that in the broader aspect oi the invention, means other than the cen 1ifugal type for separating the such for instance as bags or other iiltering means,v

ci mbe-r for condensing the water vapor about dust particles in the gas as nuclei.

A gas cleaner comprising a hollow upright casing containing gas inlet and outlet chambers and a dust-collecting chamber; a plurality of centriiugal dust extractors connected to said inlet cnamber and arranged to discharge dust into said dust-collecting chamber; means for saturating the gas from said extractors with moisture; conduits for conducting saturated gas to the outlet chamber, and means in said conduits for supersaturating the gas to cause condensation .of the moisture about the dust particles as nuclei.

3. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow casing containing gas inlet and outlet chambers and a saturation chamber; a plurality of separate and distinct centrifugal dust-separating devices connecting the inlet and saturation chambers; and spray and condensing conduits arranged to from tortuous passageways connecting the saturation chamber with the outlet chamber.

4. A gas cleaner comprising gas inlet and outlet chambers and a dust-collecting chamber; a plurality or centrifugal dust extractors connected to said inlet and arranged to discharge 'dust into said dust-collecting chamber; means for saturating the gas from said extractors with moisture; and tortuous passageways for conducting gas from the saturating means to the Iautlet chamber.

5. A gas cleaner comprising gas inlet, outlet and saturation chambers and a dust-collecting chamber; a plurality of centrifugal dust-separating members between and in communication with both the inlet and saturation chambers, said members being4 arranged to discharge dust into the dust-collecting chamber; and alternately disposed spray and condensing conduits connecting the saturation chamber with the outlet chamber.

6. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow upright casing having a centrally disposed tube therein; means for spraying moisture into said tube; a plurality oi centrifugal dust-extractor tubes disposed around said central tube, the discharge of said extractor tubes communicating with the central tube; means for directing dust-laden gas under pressure into said extractor tubes; spray tubes within said casing and arranged to receive saturated gas from said central tube;

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condenser tubes for receiving gas discharged from the spray tubes; and a collecting chamber disposed beneath said tubes to receive the dust discharged from the extractor tubes and the moisture from the central tube and the spray tubes.

'7. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow casing containing gas inlet, outlet and saturation chambers; the outlet and saturation chambers `being in vertical superposed relation to each other; a plurality o centrifugal dust-extractor tubes connecting the inlet and saturation chambers; means for supplying moisture to the saturation chamber; a set of spray tubes and a set 0i condensing tu es disposed in said casing with their lower ends in communication with each other, the top ends oi the tubes or one set connecting with the saturation chamber, and those of the other set connecting with the outlet chamber; and a liquid chamber below all of said tubes for receiving the dust discharged irom the extractor tubes and the liquid from the spray tubes and the saturation chamber.

8. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow casing containing gas inlet, outlet and saturation chainbers; the outlet and saturation chambers being in vertical superposed relation tov each other; a plurality of centrifugal dust-extractor tubes con necting the inlet and saturation chambers; means for supplying moisture to the saturation chamber; a set of spray tubes and a set of condensing tubes disposed in said casing with their lower ends in communication with each other, the top ends oi the spray tubes connecting with the saturation chamber, and those of the condensing tubes connecting with the outlet chamber; and a liquid and dust collecting bath in said casing below said tubes and chambers.

9. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow upright casing having a centrally disposed tube therein; means for spraying moisture into said tube; a plurality of centrifugal dust-extractor tubes disposed around said central tube, said tubes communicating with the central tube; means for directing dust-laden gas under pressure into said extractor tubes; a plurality of vertically disposed tubes in said casing each containing a liquid spray and having their 'top ends in com munication with the central tube; a plurality or" condensing tubes disposed in alternating relation with the spray tubes, and having their bottom ends in communication with the spray tubes; and a collecting bath disposed beneath said tubes.

l0. A gas cleaner comprising an upright outer casing having an inverted cone-shaped bottom containing liquid; a tubular member centrally disposed in said casing and having a depending annular flange extending into said liquid; an outer ilange in said casing surrounding and spaced from said tubular member and depending into said liquid; and a plurality of radial plates disposed in spaced vertical planes and connecting the outer casing with said outer ilange, all of said plates extending into said liquid to form separate chambers between them.

11. A gas cleaner comprising an upright outer casing having an inverted cone-shaped bottom containing liquid; tubular member centrally disposed in said casing and having a depending annular Iiange extending into said liquid; an outer flange surrounding and spaced :from tubular member and depending into said liquid; a plurality of dust-extractor tubes between said tubular member and said casing; means for supplying dustdaden gas to said tubes; radial plates disposed in spaced vertical planes and connecting the outer casing with said outer flange; and sets ci gas discharge tubes between said outer casing and outer flange, the tubes ci each set being connected at their bottoms through the space denned by adjacent plates.

12. A gas cleaner comprising an upright casing having a ilared bottom; a liquid in said bottom; a tubular member in said casing, having its lower end extending into said liquid; a gas inlet chamber to which dust-laden gas is supplied under pressin'e; a plurality of centrifugal dustextractor tubes connecting said inlet chamber with the gas chamber formed above liquid where said tubular member extends into it; and means for supplying moisture to the clean gas passing through said tubular member from said gas chamber.

i3. A gas cleaner comprising an upright casing having a flared bottom; a liquid in said'bottom; a tubular member in said casing, having its lower end extending into said liquid; a gas inlet chamber to which dust-laden gas is supplied under pressure; a plurality of centrifugal dust-extractor tubes connecting said inlet chamber with the gas chamber formed above said liquid where said tubular member extends into it; means for supplying moisture to the clean gas passing through said tubular member from said gas chamber; and an annular ange disposed around and spaced from said tubular member, said iiange extending into said liquid and cooperating with the casing to form a chamber in which dust trom the extractor tubes may enter said liquid in separated relation to the clean gas in said tubular member.

14. A gas cleaner comprising an upright casing having a ared bottom; a liquid in said bottom; a tubular member in said casing, having its lower end extending into said liquid; a gas inlet chamber to which dust-ladenr gas is supplied under pressure; a plurality or" centrifugal dust extractor tubes connecting said inlet chamber with the gas chamber formed above said liquid where said tubular member extends into it; an annular depending flange carried by said casing, surrounding the extractor tubes and extending into said liquid to form a dust-collecting chamber; an outlet chamber in the casing; sets of spray and condenser tubes connecting the interior of said tubular member with said outlet chamber; and means extending into said liquid for separating each set of spray and condenser tubes from the other sets.

15. A gas cleaner comprising a casing containing an inlet through which hot dust-laden gas is introduced into said casing under pressure; a gas saturation chamber; means for separating dust from said gas and conducting the gas to the saturation chamber; an outlet for clean gas; a liquid chamber in heat-exchanging relation with said outlet; means for supplying liquid to said liquid chamber at a temperature below that of the outgoing gas; means for supplying the hot liquid from said liquid chamber to said saturation chamber, and means outside of said chamber for supersaturating the outgoing gas to condense the moisture therein about the dust particles as nuclei.

16. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow upright casing containing gas inlet and outlet chambers and a dust-collecting chamber; dust extractors connected to said inlet chamber and arranged to discharge dust into said dust-collecting chamber; means for saturating the gas from said extractors with moisture; conduits for conducting hot saturated gas to the outlet chamber; means for placing liquid at a temperature below that of the outgoing gas in heat-exchanging relation to said conduits; means for delivering such liquid to the saturation chamber after it has been heated by the outgoing gas, and means outside of said saturation chamber for supersaturating the outgoing gas to condense the moisture therein about the dust particles as nuclei.

17. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow casing containing gas inlet and outlet chambers and a saturation chamber; centrifugal dust-separating means connecting the inlet and saturation chambers; spray and condensing conduits arranged to form tortuous passageways connecting the saturation chamber with the outlet chamber; liquid chambers surrounding said conduits in heat-exchanging relation thereto; means for supplying liquid to said liquid chambers at a temperature below that of the outgoing gas; and means for delivering such liquid to the saturation chamber after its temperature has been raised by the heat in the outgoing gas.

18. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow upright casing containing gas inlet and outlet chambers and a dust-collecting chamber; a plurality of centrifugal dust extractors connected to said in let and arranged to discharge dust into said dustcollecting chamber; means for saturating the gas from said extractors with moisture; tortuous passageways for conducting gas from the saturating means to the outlet chamber; means for placing water at a temperature below that of the outgoing gas in said passageways into heat-exchanging relation with such gas; and means delivering the heated Water to the gas saturating means.

19. A gas cleaner comprising an upright casing having a flared bottom; a liquid in said bottom; a tubular member in said casing, having its lower end extending into said liquid; a gas inlet chamber to which dust-laden gas is supplied under pressure; a plurality of centrifugal dustextractor tubes connecting said inlet chamber with the gas chamber formed above said Where said tubular member extends into it; means for placing a cold liquid in heat-exchanging relation to the outgoing hot gas from said tubular member; and means for delivering said liquid at an elevated temperature to the tubular meinberand spraying it into contact with the clean gas from the gas chamber.

20. A gas cleaner comprising a hollow upright casing containing gas inlet and outlet chambers and a dust-collecting chamber; dust eXtractors connected to said inlet chamber and arranged to discharge dust into said dust-collecting chamber; conduits for delivering clean hot gas from said extractors to outlet chamber; liquid jackets surrounding said conduits in heat-exchanging relation thereto; means for supplying liquid to said jackets at a temperature below that oi the gas passing through such conduits; and means for delivering and spraying the heated liquid into the clean gas.

2l. A gas cleaner comprising a gas inlet chamber and a saturation chamber; dry dust-separat ing means forming at least a portion of the connection between said chambers and comprising a plurality of separated devices, each operating on asmall gas stream; means for supplying moisture in the form of Water vapor to said saturation chamber, to raise the dew-point of the gas contained therein; and means for cooling the gas to produce super-saturation and condensation of the vapor about the dust particles as nuclei.

FREDERICK H. WAGNER. 

